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Logical data errors recovery is defined as errors that occur in dynamic or static media, which are related to the physical condition of the media unit. Logical errors can be generated by error or by mishandling. Malicious programs such as viruses can be the source of serious logical errors. The program implements an agenda of data loss, or data manipulation, which is contrary to the objectives of the owners of the data unit. A large number of viral programs are on variety of anti-virus sites around the world, a couple of note includes McAfee, but McAfee are also numerous academic and private sites, which detail the somewhat predictable actions of public viruses. These programs are then classified along with private programs with malicious agendas.

There are various methods to recover errors. A senior system programmer will be able to look at the drive with an editor, locate important data and move it into another file. There are programs that are used in the data recovery field that may help process, but they can be extremely damaging in the hands of even experts who are not intimately familiar with the delicate data structures, which make up modern media units. Many programs have be documented, they are distinguished from public virus by certain characteristics in that they are often highly dependent upon a specific system context, and depend upon privileged logical or physical access to the system, network, or media unit.

In case, public or private, the possible targets of malice are limited to a system area, a resource of specific criteria, or a specific target. A number of system areas are possible targets. According to the OS, used to format the drive, the system areas include a resource of the media unit. The resources may include a bootstrap, allocation, or organizational resource. If any of these resources is adulterated with either erroneous or malicious data, the media unit may be rendered partially, completely, contextually, or apparently dis-functional. Examples of such damage are when a DOS based unit indicated that no valid boot resource is available, or a MAC fails to initialize.

The adulteration of a key system area, will often effectively affect the media unit by the introduction of false program paths, or invalid resource tables. If false program paths are introduced, be they well designed or simply erroneous, will cause the system processor(s) to execute commands which are either invalid or at the very least not in the interests of the user. System level programmers are intimately familiar with such conditions, as execution paths which lead to data areas, or which cause infinite loops. When these conditions occur, the results are highly unpredictable, and possibly injurious to existing data on the media unit. The possibilities of injury result primarily from erroneous or malicious commands that cause good data areas to be overwritten, deleted, or damaged.

The other source of possible functional damage, which is slightly more common, and preferable to invalid execution paths, is that of adulterated system resources. Common types of logical data errors include missing files, folders, or partitions. Also a file contains no data, partial data, or incorrect data this is most likely a logical data error.

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