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Security risk analysis is also known as risk assessment, is a security of any organization. Security risk analysis is essential in ensuring controls and expenditure with the risks to which the organization is exposed. Security risk analysis is more and more untenable in terms of usability, flexibility, and critically. in terms of what they produce for the user. Security risk analysis embraces the use of the same product to help ensure compliance with security policies, external standards. Security in system should be commensurate with its risks. However, the process to determine which security controls are appropriate and cost effective is quite often a complex and sometimes a subjective matter.

One of the functions of security risk analysis is to process more objective basis. There are a number of distinct approaches to risk analysis. However, there are two types: quantitative and qualitative. Security risk analysis approach employs two fundamental elements; the probability of an event occurring and the likely loss should it occur. This is calculated for an event by simply multiplying the potential loss by the probability. It is thus theoretically possible to rank events in order of risk and to make decisions based upon this. The problems with this type of risk analysis are usually associated with the unreliability and inaccuracy of the data. Probability can rarely be precise and can, in some cases, promote complacency. In addition, controls and countermeasures often tackle a number of potential events and the events themselves are frequently interrelated.

Notwithstanding the drawbacks, a number of organizations have successfully adopted quantitative risk analysis. This is by far the most widely used approach to risk analysis. Probability data is not required and only estimated potential loss is used. Most qualitative risk analysis methodologies make use of a number of interrelated elements: These are things that can go wrong or that can 'attack' the system. Examples might include fire or fraud. Threats are ever present for every system. These make a system more prone to attack by a threat or make an attack more likely to have some success or impact. For example, for fire vulnerability would be the presence of inflammable materials. These are the countermeasures for vulnerabilities.

There are four types: Deterrent controls reduce the likelihood of a deliberate attack Preventative controls protect vulnerabilities and make an attack unsuccessful or reduce its impact Corrective controls reduce the effect of an attack Detective controls discover attacks and trigger preventative or corrective controls. A proper understanding of the limitations of the existing infrastructures is an important prerequisite for designing new services with a satisfying degree of security.

In our opinion, an improved methodology for risk analysis is a necessary first step towards verifying and/or improving the security of such systems. Ideally, risk management should be applied across all aspects of dependability. However, the increasing complexity of information systems urges the improvement of existing design and analysis methods in order to increase the likelihood that all possible threats are taken into consideration. More particularly there is a need for combining complementary security risk analysis methods with respect to the system architecture.

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